Nat Review Physics - 3266 Words

In an experiment, the potential and K.E. of a 10kg object were measured at different heights. Mass | Height | P.E. | K.E. | P.E. +K.E. | 10 | 2.0 | 196 | 0 | 196 | 10 | 1.0 | 98 | 98 | 196 | 10 | 0.5 | 49 | 147 | 196 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 196 | 196 | 1. Which statement BEST describes the data in the table? The total energy of an object ____ a. Increase height b. Decreases with height c. Is constant at different heights d. Is affected by the mass of the object 2. Based on the equation E=mc ² where c is the speed of light, what can be inferred on the amount of energy possessed by the object? a. The energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object. b. The energy is inversely proportional to the mass of the†¦show more content†¦a. Nuclear fusion, energy is released. b. Nuclear fission, energy is absorbed. c. Nuclear fission, energy is released. d. Nuclear fission, energy is absorbed. 16. Which of the ff. activities make use of the radioactive carbon 14 isotope? a. Generate electricity. b. Dating boulders and rocks. c. Surgical operation of tumors. d. Dating of remain of plants and animals. 17. Why is the light form a LASER device used in surgery ? a. It produces straight line. b. It has single frequency. c. It is stimulated. d. It is coherent. For # 18 amp; 19, refer to this situation below. Engr. Tolentino is tasked to inspect a newly -build Nuclear Power Plant. He observed the ff. conditions: 1. The radioactive sources are shielded with lead and concrete. 2. The nuclear reactors operate in a closed septum with low air pressure. CORRECTION NEEDED 3. The workers work far from the source of the radiation. 18. Why is it necessary to enclose the nuclear reactor at low pressure? a. To maintain the temperature at low level. b. To prevent leakage of radioactive waste. c. To keep the environment inside the power plant _____. CORRECTION NEEDED d. To prevent radiation from being inhaled by the workers. 19. 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The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1472 Words

Society tends to harbor an inherent and often unavoidable nature that unfairly favors those who are wealthy yet corrupt, and forces those who are moral and noble to suffer. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on this concept with the characters Tom and Gatsby. By comparing and contrasting Tom and Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald develops his critique of the class structure of 1920s America that allows corrupt characters to thrive while punishing sympathetic characters for striving for their dreams. Fitzgerald contrasts Tom’s and Gatsby’s old and new money statuses to display the corruption of the American Dream that sustains society’s cruelty. Both characters commit indiscretions, Tom with women and Gatsby with business†¦show more content†¦To compound his immorality, Tom finds no fault in his character. Fitzgerald’s criticism of the corrupt American Dream is evident in the characterization of Tom, because Tom carelessly pursues his desire to maintain his status and wealth to assert his superiority. His obsession with money and power blinds him to the damaging effects of this limited view of the American Dream. Similar to Tom, the indiscretion that Gatsby commits derives from his love for money. However, his motive to gain wealth is spurred not by ego, but rather by his desire for Daisy’s love. This prompts him to engage in questionable business arrangements with Wolfsheim, whom Gatsby introduces as a â€Å"‘denizen of Broadway ’† (73) before eventually revealing that Wolfsheim manipulated the World Series. This reluctance to associate Wolfsheim with crime indicates that Gatsby overlooks this attribute. This signifies the extent to which the American Dream consumes Gatsby, as he is willing to involve himself in illicit business deals to achieve his aspirations of winning Daisy back. Although Gatsby comes from new money unlike Tom, he shares Tom’s lust for money and strong will to accomplish his dreams. However, Fitzgerald presents Tom as a cruel, shallow character and Gatsby as a sympathetic character, because Gatsby merely longs for love, whereas Tom wishes to dominate everyone. In this sense, Tom represents humanity that is corrupted by money and power, while Gatsby demonstrates

Middle passage of slavery Free Essays

One of the dark periods of the world’s history is the trading and exploitation of black slaves. The economic expansion in Europe and America through agricultural lands brought a growing demand for labor hands. European traders seized the opportunity by supplying Africans to be sold as slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle passage of slavery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sources included Kongo and Ndongo (which now became Angola) and Senegal, although major trading took place ion the Atlantic Coast of Africa. As demands for slaves increased, trading spread in Eastern Africa (Perry 227).   Nowhere can one find a more profitable business than slave-trading during these period, which remarkably spanned for about four centuries (15th to 19th century) of continuous trading, estimated to reach about 20 million slaves (Ferguson and Bruun 569). At the height of trading during the 17th to 18th century, a trader who sold one male slave is guaranteed to make more than enough a year’s earnings. In England, a trader can even gain respectability since its society saw nothing wrong with this kind of business and was not regarded as illegal. It is not surprising therefore that many Europeans were lured by the promise of making a big fortune out of slave trading, to the detriment of Africans who were taken captive. The desire to make a sizeable amount of money and the insensibility of land owners had blinded them to see that these Africans were fellow human beings and should be treated humanely. A significant aspect of the entire process involved partnering with Africans. While it is shocking to see how one race could brutally treat another, it is more startling to see how a fellow African could exploit its own kind. Fellow Africans play a key role in helping European traders to succeed. They are responsible for the capture of their own countrymen, snatching and detaining them to a slave factory located at the western coast of Africa (Hibbert 127). Many do not reach the coast, since they could not survive being forced to march as far as 1,000 miles chained and with little food. Those who do were forcibly held in the factory, where working conditions were deplorable and food was scarce. Detention could range from a number of weeks to a year. These African human smugglers would exchange their ‘goods’ for guns, fabrics, metal products for weapons and farm tools, beads, or even cowry shells and other insignificant items brought by their European counterpart (Perry 2 29). Slave trading then became a lucrative business. There were written accounts of the horrific conditions with which captured Africans were subjected to. One captive slave named Olaudah Equiano vividly described through his own experience, the ordeal of many African slaves (Winds of Revolution 123). For this reason, some slaves had come to regard death a blissful way of ending the hardship. From the onset of their captivity to the point of slavery, slaves were deprived of any right to choose for themselves. Slaves were regarded more as a piece of property than a worker. Men, women, or children, common or of noble descent, all were taken captive for selling. Their ‘fate’ totally depended on the hands of their captors and ‘owners’ (Ferguson and Bruun 569-590). I. The Slave-Trade Route and The Middle Passage The course of trading by the Europeans involved different stages. The Middle Passage was usually associated with the trans-Atlantic shipment of human cargoes either to the Americas or the Caribbean. Strictly speaking however, the term was used to describe the second of a three-part stage of a trading process which includes the transportation of captured Africans. This also meant that traders are able to make a big size of income since every stage is able to produce a large amount of profit. The first part starts with the Europeans carrying goods to Africa that will be used to trade-in for the African slaves. Upon completion of negotiations, the now empty vessel is now replenished with purchased humans. The Middle Passage or otherwise known as the â€Å"middle† leg then begins — the second part of the trading route. This voyage would often take two to three months before reaching America or other destinations in Europe. During bad weathers, the trip could stretch as long as four months. Those who survive the trip were sold and the huge profit was used to purchase products such as sugar. The traders will make another huge profit, as they sell these goods in their return trip to Europe, the last part of the voyage (Winds of Revolution 122). II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conditions During the Voyage Those taken to the slave ships were treated worse than animals. The decks were cramped and did not leave much room for standing. Men and women in shackles were packed closely. They were required to lie on their backs, with their heads on another slave’s leg. Such a horrible position caused them to lie down on human discharges of another’s feces, urine, and at times even blood all throughout the passage. The air was putrid for breathing. Consequently, such poor conditions in cargo ships led to the rapid spread of diseases that took the life of many these people. Those who died were thrown overboard to keep sickness from spreading further. In order to control any rebellion, the crew often resorted to cruelty. Women were often abused sexually. The poor physical conditions within the ship, the lack of food, the cruelty of their captors, and the uncertainty of the future caused others to attempt suicide. Traders however, would want as much as each slaves to survive, simply for profit’s sake. When a slave attempts to commit suicide through self-imposed starvation, the method of force-feeding was used.   Others sought death by jumping off the ship. If it is of any consolation, members of the crew’s ship were treated just a little better than the slaves. Others also experienced being severely beaten by their captain. One account even records of a crew who sought his watery death than continue the agony of being repeatedly beaten (Winds of Revolution 124-129). III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reason for Choosing Africans as Slaves When Spain and Portugal took off plans for exploration, it ended in human exploitation. As they reached and colonized parts of the Americas, Native Americans proved extremely difficult for forced labor since they were unaccustomed to agricultural work. They also exhibited poor resistance to Old World diseases. Their familiarity of the surroundings made it extremely difficult for the Europeans to prevent them from escaping. Meanwhile, a small portion of Africans slavery was already being practiced in its outposts in Africa. Europeans had taken the idea from an African practice of enslaving war prisoners.   African characteristics were also observed to be a lot better: Africans were found to be more useful and stronger than the Native Americans. Since they were used to a hotter climate and agricultural work, Africans did not easily fell prey to European diseases. All these factors caused Europeans to rely more on Africans for slavery. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion The practice was deeply rooted in greed. Actions to counter slavery met with great resistance and were relatively slow. It even tore America apart during a bitter civil war. The dispute concerning slavery continued for many generations between those who are for or against it. England passed the abolition of slavery in 1833 and anyone caught violating the law was fined as much as â‚ ¤ 20 million (Checkland 341). Other European nations also followed suit. Towards its abolition, great damage was already done on the economic, political, and social aspects of Africa. Since wealth was concentrated on slave-trading and possessed only by a few hands; acquired wealth was not used for the development of the land to benefit its entire society. Africa lost much of their human wealth and for four hundred years, suffered the consequences — losing potential leaders and good laborers for its own advancement. Those transported became alienated from their culture of origin (Perry 231). As for the following generations of those people who were transported, the struggle still continuous for people of color even thousands of years after the abolition of slave trading in America and the Western countries. Many still feel the sting of living from the taint of stereotyping created by the past. It left a legacy of racism present in some parts of society today. Although the practice should remain buried in the past, looking back on this bitter history should keep aflame all efforts to prevent it from recurring again. Traders before referred to it as a necessary evil. However, no amount of reason should be sufficient enough to allow anyone to exploit or even look down on its fellow human being. Works Cited: Checkland, S.G. The Rise of Industrial Society in England, 1815-1885. Great Britain: Longman, 1964. Cowell, Alan. Killing the Wizards. New York: Simon Schuster, 1992. Ferguson, Wallace, and Geoffrey Bruun. A Survey of European Civilization 3rd ed. USA: The Riverside Press, 1958). Hibbert, Cristopher. Africa Explored: Europeans in the Dark Continent (1769-1889). London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1982. Perry, Marvin. Unfinished Journey: A World History. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983. Winds of Revolution AD 1700-1800. USA: Time-Life Books, 1991. How to cite Middle passage of slavery, Essay examples

Generic Corporate Strategy for Bellamy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Generic Corporate Strategy for Bellamy. Answer: Bellamy focuses on focused differentiation strategy as its generic corporate strategy. The value chain model of Bellamy helps us to analyze how the company creates value for its consumers in Australia by collaborating among its primary activities and support activities (Paliwoda and Thomas 2013). Generic Type of Business Strategy for Bellamy The organization Bellamy does not focus on cost leadership rather the leading organic food manufacturer has adopted focused differentiation strategy and delivers products of high quality to customers. The focused differentiation strategy adopted by Bellamy is as follows- i) Bellamy applies specialized organic Formula STEP 1 for manufacturing food products for infants. The company has special formula for infants who are less than 6 months old. ii) The Company has also adopted focused differentiation strategy by manufacturing organic food products for children who are six months to one year old by implementing specialized Formula Step 2,so that essential nutrients, vitamins(Piercy 2014). iii) The Company adopts focused differentiation strategy is for manufacturing products for children who are 1 year to above 3 years old. The products of Bellamy is a combination of specialized formula or milk of highest quality from cows and other 13 nutrients like fat, calcium, iron and inulin. Bellamy also manufactures foods that could be instantly served to children like snacks, pasta and cereals. Analysis of Porters Value Chain Activity Implemented of Bellamy The Value chain activity was proposed by Michael Porter in the year 1985. Bellamy follows the primary activities in the value chain model like inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, Marketing and Sales and service. These primary activities are supported by procurement, technology,human resource management and firm infrastructure. Bellamy implements the value chain activities in order to achieve competitive advantage by delivering organic food products of more than 30 varieties to children. Bellamy focuses on Michael Porters generic strategy of differentiation for broad market and focused differentiation for narrow market (Armstrong et al 2014). The primary activities of the Bellamy is supported by support activities like procurement of ingredients for developing organic food products for children, technological and research and development division of Bellamy constantly focuses on upgrading modern technology to increase its product line and product width so that the products of Bellamy can be differentiated from other organic food products of the market (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes 2015). Support Activities Firm Infrastructure- From the product line of Bellamy it could be well understood that the leading organic food manufacturer uses focused differentiation strategy by targeting a very niche market for children and also by using special formula to manufacture organic products of highest quality. The formula used to produce food products for children of different age brackets are also differentiated like Formula Step 1, 2 and 3. Thus products of Bellamy are highly differentiated from the food products that are available in the market. All food products of Bellamy abide by the rules and regulations of Australian Food Authority and by adopting the focused differentiation business level strategy in Australian market as well as South East Asian market. The Company gains competitive advantage as it is the pioneer in manufacturing of organic food products for children since the Company was established in 2003 and possesses all the technological know-how to be a market leader in Australian market. Thus after gripp ing a strong foothold in Australian market the leading organic food manufacturer is planning for global expansion. There is emphasis on production of products of high quality and the information systems like data mining tools are used to understand preference of customers. (Ford and Leonidou 2013). Human Resource Management- Personnel training is superior and compensation programs encourages productivity and creativity of workers in Bellamy. Technology- From the highly differentiated products of Bellamy, it is well understood that the Company invests in basic research to produce high quality products. Procurement-The organic raw materials purchased by Bellamy is of highest quality. The primary activities of value chain of Bellamy are as follows- 1) Inbound logistics - Bellamy uses modern technology to handle the raw materials so that quality of final products improves and damage is reduced. 2) Bellamy manages its day to day operational activities and responses rapidly to customers feedback and implements specifications from customers while manufacturing attractive products for them. 3) Outbound Logistics- The processing of order from customers are fast and delivery of products to customers by Bellamy are always on time because customers can purchase products from Coles, Woolworths and other retail chains. 4)The marketing and sales division of the company by building a strong brand image in the mind of customers and positioning itself as a premium manufacturer of organic food products for children and Bellamy maintains personal relationship with customers and buyers. 5) The service provided to customers by Bellamy is of highest quality. New Strategic Initiative of Bellamy The mode of entry in the Chinese market for Bellamy is export strategy and Bellamy should have a strong logistics system to exports its products to China. The Company should have a strong distribution system in China so that products of the Company are easily available to consumers in China and the Company should focus on promoting and selling its products in digital platform in China One new strategic initiative for Bellamy could be to promote its products online using modern marketing tools like digital marketing and data mining techniques. The company can have an online platform of its own and a mobile app should be available to customers for easy payment. Also, Bellamy can sell its food products in leading online platforms like Alibaba. Also, since the Company is targeting children who are the consumers of the leading organic food manufacturer but the customers of the organic food products are the parents of the children who actually pay to buy products for children. Thus the company can extend its product line by manufacturing organic food products for the mothers of children. After delivery of children, women require essential vitamins and supplements to maintain the calcium requirement of their body. Bellamy can diversify its product portfolio by manufacturing products for the mother of children and can often market the products together so that nutritional requirements of both mother and children are satisfied by the products of Bellamy. The Company has already established itself in Australia. Thus to gain a huge customer base in the global market and improve its cost the Company should focus global market expansion. The leading organic food manufacturer has already expanded in Asian countries and plans to set up its operation in China. The generic strategy of the Bellamy is focused differentiation and the organic food manufacturer Bellamy has a niche market base. Though the Company continuously invests in Research and Development to upgrade its product line and tries to add more new products manufactured by latest technology and innovation, still the organization should focus on diversifying its product base by offering organic food products for mothers of the consumers. Before entering the Chinese market the Company should focus on research about the Chinese market and should benchmark its value proposition with the similar product s offered by Chinese manufacturers. In order to gain trust of Chinese consumers Bellamy should strike the emotional chord with consumers in China, invest corporate social responsibilities in China and should create employment opportunities in the country which will help the Company to be profitable in the long run in China (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). Market Development- International Strategy Bellamy is planning to enter in the Chinese market and the mode of entry followed by the Company would be export strategy Bellamy can tie up with banks, financial institutions in China and develop its export strategy by shipping its products in China. Bellamy can tie up with distributors in China and should have a strong logistics system to distribute its exported products. The Company should ensure that the products are delivered to consumers on time. This will enable the Company to create credibility in the minds of Chinese consumers and create a lot of employment opportunity and create source for income for Chinese population. By developing its Supply Chain and logisticsmanagement facility in China, the Company can make its products easily available to the Chinese consumers. The stocks supplied to consumers in China will be fresh in nature and will be delivered on time if the leading organic food manufacturer Bellamy sets up its manufacturing facility in China (Hemmerling, Hamm and Spiller 2015). It can be noted that there was a scandal about food products for Children in China which led to the death of 6 children. Thus the consumers in Chinese market will trust a brand that has market reputation. The strategic initiative that can be adopted by Bellamy in China is to increase its brand value in China. The company should promote itself in China and gain trust of Chinese customers. Since the Company is already a well- established brand in Australia, it will be easier for the company to gain trust of Chinese consumers. While purchasing products for children, parents already do a lot of market research in the buying process of consumer behavior. The leading organic food manufacturer already has the scope to gain trust of Chinese consumers and gain consumer perceived value by leveraging its brand reputation in Australia (Epstein, Buhovac and Yuthas 2015). It often gets difficult for a foreign brand to establish its market in another host country. It might be difficult for Bellamy to establish its brand name in China. Thus the company should invest heavily in promotional activities in China. Both Above the Line and Below The Line promotional activities should be used. The brand should also connect to the consumers, that means, parents of the children emotionally. Thus while advertising the brand should have the emotional brand elements so that consumers in China especially the mother of children can immediately connect with the internal Values and emotions of the organic brand Bellamy(Lee and Yun 2015) The leading Organic food manufacturer Bellamy should focus on Corporate Social Responsibility in China to gain the credibility of Chinese manufacturers. All products of Bellamy should be manufactured aligned itself to the environmental issues of China. The Company should focus on sustainability concerns and provide information to customers in their website specially designed for China so that Chinese consumers can be aware how Bellamy focuses on Top three bottom line of business like people, profit and planet (Grunert, Hiekeand Wills 2014). Bellamy should invest in market research and competitors market in China. The company should benchmark its products against that of competitors and also the pricing strategy of Bellamy should be customized keeping in mind the market standards of organic food products of China and the price of competitors should be analyzed in detail before setting up price of its products in China which could be different from price of Products in Australia (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). Bellamy can offer market penetration strategy in the introduction stage of the Product Life Cycle in Australia, so that the products of Bellamy can penetrate into the huge population of the Chinese market and can later on adopt to marketing skimming pricing and bundle pricing. Bellamy can also cater to the needs of mothers of children by manufacturing nutritious organic products for them so that the nutritional requirements of the mothers are satiated and the Company can offer bundle pricing strategy for products of mothers and children. Bellamy should constantly add new products and extend the product line and width in China through constant research and innovation. Strategy for pruning of non-profitable products should be adopted to maintain the product portfolio and to manage cost. The more than a trillion e-commerce market should be leveraged by Bellamy and focus should be to take advantage of digital platform in China apart from tie-ups with local supermarkets and hypermarkets for gaining shelf-space. The Company should tie up with digital platforms in China for selling its products and should connect with consumers via social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterset and its own website for the China. The social media platforms of Bellamy should convey the values of the Company and should have all the information and manufacturing process of the organic products of Bellamy(Cairns et al 2013). These sites should reflect the goodwill the Company wants to spread among Chinese community. Bellamy should also have a separate digital marketing team to handle the activities in digital platform. Payments should be made safe and secure on digital platforms and the Company should also have logistics for delivery of products at the doorsteps of consu mers. The digital marketing team of Bellamy should handle customer complaints if any and should take feedbacks from customers about their products References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing.Pearson Australia. Cairns, G., Angus, K., Hastings, G. and Caraher, M., 2013. Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent, and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary.Appetite,62, pp.209-215. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Epstein, M.J., Buhovac, A.R. and Yuthas, K., 2015. Managing social, environmental and financial performance simultaneously.Long-range planning,48(1), pp.35-45. Ford, D. and Leonidou, L.C., 2013. Research Developments in Interna-tional Marketing.New Perspectives on International Market-ing, edited by SJ Paliwoda, pp.3-32. Grunert, K.G., Hieke, S. and Wills, J., 2014. Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding, and use. Food Policy,44, pp.177-189. Hemmerling, S., Hamm, U. and Spiller, A., 2015. Consumption behaviour regarding organic food from a marketing perspectivea literature review.Organic Agriculture,5(4), pp.277-313. Lee, H.J. and Yun, Z.S., 2015Consumers perceptions of organic food attributes and cognitive and affective attitudes as determinants of their purchase intentions toward organic food.Food quality and preference,39, pp.259-267. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015. Strategic international management.Springer. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing.Routledge. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L.A., 2014.Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Piercy, N., 2014.Export Strategy: Markets and Competition (RLE Marketing). Routledge.

How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions

It is not simple to understand why multinational managers behave unethically. However, some general reasons that guide their behaviours could include societal culture, decision-making processes, personal ethics, organisational culture, leadership, and unrealistic performance goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above reasons explain why international managers may behave unethically. Hence, ethical behaviour relies on whatever is good for an individual. Societal cultures differ from one region to another. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions of collectivism and individualism could help in explaining why managers behave unethically in different societies. For instance, managers would act unethically and promote corruption in countries like Russia and China, which emphasise collectivism (Robertson and Fadil 387). Internati onal managers may lack integrity and honour that guide their personal ethics. As a result, they may engage in unethical behaviours. While strong personal ethics may help multinational managers to act ethically, managers who found themselves in cultures that do not emphasise the importance of personal ethics may engage in unethical behaviours. Organisational cultures emphasise the importance of ethical behaviours when dealing with all stakeholders, but managers may not observe such practices in foreign countries. For instance, Chinese companies are known to emphasise economic benefits at the expense of other corporate responsibilities. As a result, they have encouraged corruption when seeking contracts and tenders in foreign countries. Leadership sets examples for others to follow. The Enron scandal demonstrates poor leadership that leads to unethical behaviours in firms. Hence, a failure in leadership may encourage unethical behaviours among junior employees. In most cases, multinat ional firms may not realise that their decisions are unethical because they fail to question their decision-making processes. For instance, critics have argued that Starbucks exploits coffee growers, but the company has not evaluated its decision to view them as unethical.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parent companies put pressure on their multinational branches to perform better based on unrealistic performance goals (Hill 155). As a result, these companies resort to unethical practices in order to meet their performance expectations. Managers may ignore both personal ethics and organisational ethical practices in order to achieve performance targets by engaging in corruption. Multinational organisations have codes ethics that guide their operations overseas. Codes of ethics rely on Kantian and right-based theories of moral philosophy (Hill 163). These business codes of ethics have become under intense public scrutiny in the recent past. Such managers still experience ethical conflicts, but they must behave ethically. Managers should observe consistent ethical behaviours embedded in their firms in order to behave ethically. Codes of ethics must account for strategic decision-making processes in daily operations. Hence, multinational managers and their juniors have the responsibilities of observing and communicating organisational values. They should encourage culture changes in order to observe ethical practices in foreign countries. However, managers must observe that it takes significant effort and time to instil culture changes in an organisation. Managers should observe personal ethics and organisational ethical practices in order to behave ethically. Parent companies often pressure their foreign branches to perform best. Multinational managers must not be sceptical about their corporate ethical values or how such values relate to their roles, performances, or how other local managers perceive such values. Multinational organisations must encourage responsible leadership. Responsible leadership should focus on the entire organisation, and junior managers should encourage ethical values and comprehend how such values affect their roles. Leadership must also highlight potential ethical challenges and risks to the organisation. Managers encourage transparent hiring and promotion. Employees must maintain integrity and act responsible while the companies provide safe work environments. Managers also need moral courage to avoid unethical behaviours, and moral officers ensure that employees uphold ethical behaviours.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay has highlighted causes of unethical behaviours among multinational managers. In addition, it also shows how such ma nagers can engage in ethical behaviours. Works Cited Hill, Charles. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Robertson, Chris and Paul Fadil. â€Å"Ethical Decision Making in Multinational Organizations: A Culture-Based Model.† Journal of Business Ethics 19 (1999): 385–392. Print. This essay on How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions? was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Great Peer Recommendation

How to Write a Great Peer Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So your friend/sibling/classmate wants you to write her a peer recommendation. Being the awesome friend/sibling/classmate that you are, you've not only agreed to write the letter, but you plan to write the BEST recommendation letter of all time. Apart from good intentions (check!), what else do you need to write an outstanding peer recommendation? This guide will break down the content and structure of peer reference letters so you can help get your bestie into the college of her dreams (which is probably Dartmouth or Davidson, the only colleges I currently know of that require peer evaluations). First, here is your mission, since you've chosen to accept it. The Purpose of the Peer Recommendation So far, only Dartmouth and Davidson ask for a peer evaluation as part of their applications. Some students choose to send one as a supplementary letter of recommendation. This can be a good idea if it adds an important dimension to their application or makes up for lackluster letters from teachers and counselors who don't know them well. In most circumstances, extra material tends to be discouraged, or admissions officers might prefer that the additional letter come from a coach, boss, or other supervisory person. For Dartmouth and Davidson, though, the peer letter of recommendation is an important part of the application. A mediocre one probably won't destroy an application, but a truly outstanding one can give it a serious boost. What a truly outstanding letter can do is give deep insight into a student's character and personality, beyond what a teacher or counselor can communicate in their evaluation. Obviously Dartmouth, as an Ivy League school, is incredibly selective and has high academic expectations. Davidson is also quite selective and chooses highly academically driven students. However, the peer recommendation isn't really meant to rave about a peer's academic abilities. Instead, it can speak to the applicant's character and personality, as well as to how she'll interact socially on a college campus. According to Dartmouth, it doesn't "want another letter from a teacher, coach, or other supervisory presence in your life; we have enough of those. Ask a peer who can provide fresh insight into our interests and your character." Davidson, similarly, says, "You, as a close friend or classmate, know the applicant in a different way than do teachers, counselors, principals, and advisors. Your insights will help us to understand the nature and extent of the respect accorded to the applicant by peers." In addition to a statement of support, Davidson asks peer recommenders to rate their friends on qualities like self-confidence, leadership, concern for others, reaction to criticism, and energy and initiative. As a peer recommender, you can give another dimension to and perspective on your friend's personality and help the admissions committee get to know him/her more deeply. This may sound like a tall order, because it is! But before you start worrying about getting writer's block, read on for suggestions on how to start. How do I help my friend get into college?! How to Write a Strong Peer Recommendation The best rec letters aren't written in a day, and it's definitely a good idea to consult a guide like this, rather than just winging it. Let's break down the steps to writing a great peer recommendation, starting with brainstorming. Step 1: Brainstorm Ah brainstorming, that oft suggested but little used first step. While perhaps you can afford to skip this step in other pieces of writing, I strongly recommend taking the time to do some mental mapping before writing your peer recommendation. The reason for this is that the best recommendation letters are focused and specific. They highlight the most important strengths and impressive qualities in the applicants. Rather than presenting someone as well-rounded in everything, the most memorable reference letters zero in on particular areas. Then they tell specific stories that illustrate and, in a sense, provide evidence for these qualities. There are three main questions you should ask yourself before you start outlining and drafting: What qualities most impress me about my peer? What specific examples and anecdotes can I provide to demonstrate these qualities? What tone should I use to best express my recommendation? Let's consider each of these questions individually. First, what qualities do you want to highlight? I plan to highlight your exceptional fuzziness. Personal Qualities and Traits As you start brainstorming, try to come up with a list of the qualities that most impress you and others about your friend. Is s(he) exceptionally loyal? Supportive? Confident? Adventurous? How about encouraging, mature, energetic, insightful, or brilliant? This is a great stage to consult with your friend and get a sense of what she's writing about in his/her application or if she's applying to any particular program. If she's highlighting her passion for world events and multicultural exchange, for example, you could talk about that time you both went on the school trip to Europe and she conversed with all the people you met. If she's applying to be pre-med, you could talk about her passion for helping people and somewhat annoying tendency to pick science documentaries on movie nights. In other words, find out what your friend is saying in other parts of her application, as well as what's missing. Then figure out how you can both complement and add further dimension to her story. Once you have your list, try to narrow it down to the three or four qualities that best characterize your friend. Consider whether they're the type of qualities that will impress admissions officers (though don't worry too much about this; you don't want your letter to read as if you're just saying what you think they'd like to hear). What I mean is stating that your friend is always the life of the party might come off as immature, whereas saying she takes on a role of leadership in group situations and has a great talent for mobilizing and energizing people might be interpreted more favorably. Once you've narrowed down the traits you'd like to focus on in your letter, you can move onto the second phase of brainstorming: thinking of specific stories and examples. That time you saved Timmy from the well is a perfect example of your bravery and selflessness. Anecdotes and Examples Which of these excerpts is more effective: 1. Anna is a kind person who loves to help others. She is a caring friend and student. 2. When Anna realized our school didn't provide any orientation for new students, she organized a club calledNew Kids on the Block, where new and established students get together to have lunch and share their experiences. This is just one example of her kind and loving spirit and drive to make everyone feel connected and included. The first is fine, but it doesn't do much to differentiate Anna from other applicants whose friends speak of their kind and caring nature. The second, though, proves that Anna cares about others and paints a picture of her organizing a club and bringing students together in the school. Just like you use examples to support your points in a persuasive essay for English class, you can use meaningful stories to illuminate your friend's character. This will sound more powerful and effective, plus it will help your letter stand out among the rest. This approach will make it a more interesting piece of writing overall, rather than a list of positive adjectives that blend together before a tired admission officer's eyes. In other words, don't just tell the college how great your friend is. Show them. Think About Tone Finally, I would suggest considering tone and style. Your recommendation doesn't have to sound especially formal, like most teachers and counselors' letters would. As a peer, you can write more intimately and personally, as well as inject humor into your writing. At the same time, don't try to be funny if comical writing isn't your strong suit. Instead, choose the tone that's most authentic for you and can most powerfully communicate a vision of your friend. Perhaps most important is to sound earnest, sincere, and heartfelt. After you've brainstormed and determined the focus of your letter, it's time to start outlining and drafting. The following structure is a helpful guide for most peer recommendation letters. Structure is very important. Those sticks aren't going to pile themselves. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: Step 2: Outline and Draft Letters of recommendation are typically one page. It may go onto a second page, but I wouldn't advise making it much longer than that. While you can be creative in your presentation, there are a few key elements that all rec letters should include. Let's start with what should go into the introduction. Introduction At the beginning of your evaluation, you should state your support for your friend's application to the school. You should also say who you are, what your relationship to the applicant is, and how long you've known her. This gives weight to your qualifications to assess the applicant. If there are any other special circumstances that make you an especially good person to evaluate her, then you can include those as well. All of these elements - your statement of support, introduction of yourself, and qualifier of your relationship - could be wrapped into one, or stated separately, like in these few examples. I'm so excited to picture Allie on Dartmouth's campus. I have no doubt that she will bring the same infectious energy, silly humor, and deep friendship with her that she's shown to me and our peers all through high school. I'm honored and excited to provide this statement of support for David, who I recommend without reservation for Davidson College. When I was the nervous new kid in 6th grade, Sam didn't hesitate to invite me to sit next to her at lunch and show me around the school. Her caring and compassion for others, combined with her fearlessness in making new friends, makes me completely certain that she'll have no trouble adjusting to college campus life. From study groups to sleepovers, track meets to a tour bus on our school trip to Italy, I've gotten to know Jess as a student, athlete, explorer, and, most importantly, best friend. Again, it's up to you to decide how exactly you want to start your recommendation, but your introductory paragraph should include an actual statement of recommendation, along with the context of your relationship to the applicant and hint as to why it makes you qualified to assess him/her. Which brings us to the next part of the letter, the actual evaluation of your friend. Let me tell you a story... Assessment: Description and Stories Once you've made the proper introductions, you can dive into the meat of your recommendation: your assessment of and stories about your friend. Again, don't feel like you have to run down the list of every well-rounded quality you can think of. The best recommendation letters dive deep into a few key characteristics, rather than trying to cover everything in one page. Do you ever hear so much about a person that you feel like you've met her in real life? That's what your letter can help do for admissions officers. Assuming they won't actually meet her, your letter, along with the other recommendations and personal essay, can help your friend come alive as a complex, multi-faceted individual poised to take on a successful role at their college. In about two paragraphs, you can present what's so impressive about your friend, of course including stories and examples to back it up. Here are a couple examples. When we got hopelessly lost down the winding alleys of Venice, Jess sprang into action, calling on her advanced knowledge of Italian to communicate with locals and lead us out of the maze. When David and I go hiking, he has an almost encyclopedic knowledge of both the common and scientific names of every plant, flower, and tree that we walk past. You might be wondering if you should present weaknesses in your letter. Will discussing only strengths come off as overblown and insincere? Most schools do encourage evaluators to present a balanced view of a candidate, and suggesting areas for growth won't necessarily detract from the impression you make. A good rule of thumb is to present more strengths than weaknesses to balance them out, as well as to suggest how that weakness can be viewed as a strength. For instance, Sam can be overly critical of herself at times, but she uses her high expectations to be always improving herself. When she scored lower than expected on her first chemistry test, she sprang into study mode and used her disappointment to fuel her motivation and ace the next one. Sam strongly believes in her capacity to continually grow, learn, and improve. Overall, I believe you can rave about your friend while still maintaining a realistic and balanced tone, along with including the examples and stories to back up your evaluation. Finally, you can use the conclusion to reiterate how much you believe in your friend. Let's wrap this up...I have a very important nap to take. Conclusion In the conclusion to your peer recommendation, it's a good idea to restate your support for your friend, much as you did in the introduction, as well as describe how you envision her at college. Just like pieces of writing can grab a reader's attention with a strong hook at the beginning, they can leave a memorable impression with a strong statement at the end. Think of the main impression you want to leave in admissions officers' minds after they finish reading. Why is it in their and the college's best interest to accept your friend? Brian is the most talented, motivated, and well-spoken person I know. I recommend him enthusiastically for admission to Dartmouth. Sam has always aspired to study medicine and help make the world a healthier and more equitable place. I truly can't think of anyone better suited for this role. Who's that person I see in the bustling newsroom, writing groundbreaking stories as lead editor of The Dartmouth one year from today? Oh right, that's Sam. She's doing an amazing job, just as we all knew she would. After drafting your letter of recommendation, go ahead and hit submit. Just kidding. You should definitely take the time to revise this important piece of writing. Not just yet, carrier pigeon...there's still some revising to do. Step 3: Revision Hurray! You have your first draft of your peer recommendation complete. Now how can you make it even better? First off, I would again encourage you to check that you've given explicit examples and stories. Make sure it doesn't sound too abstract and uses anecdotes to demonstrate, rather than simply describe. As they say (whoever "they" is), actions speak louder than words. Additionally, consider your word choice. Did you use "nice" when "generous" or "compassionate" might have been more appropriate? I'm not saying to use a thesaurus and add long synonyms where plain words work just as well, but check that you're using accurate and powerful words that express exactly what you want to say about your friend. It's also good to avoid cliches and consider how you can phrase your sentences in a fresh and creative way. In a similar sense, pay close attention to your phrasing and consider whether it could come off in the wrong way. You might want to ask someone else to read it and give you feedback. For instance, you might want to express how close your friendship is by saying, "My friend is so loyal that we've done everything together since elementary school." While this sounds great to you, it might come off as if your friend is disinterested in connecting with other people. Make sure that your phrasing is on point and won't be taken as a negative when you mean it to be positive. You may even show the letter to your friend for feedback and comments. This is up to you, as recommendation letters are generally thought to be confidential and you're not obligated to show her. Once you've made sure the spelling, grammar, and sentence structure is flawless and it reads as a powerful statement of support for your friend, you can go ahead and submit the letter to the college. Step 4: Submit Your Letter As peer recommender, you absolutely must get your recommendation in by the stated deadline. Make sure you know when that deadline is and exactly how to submit (no frantic midnight phone calls about the Common App website being down or your internet not working). Your friend will invite you as the "Other Recommender" on the Common App for Dartmouth, and you'll likely upload your Davidson recommendation here. Once everything's done and submitted, you can give yourself a pat on the back. You're an awesome friend! Job well done! Time to stretch, maybe throw on a party hat. Final Thoughts One of the most important takeaways of this guide to writing a peer recommendation is that animals are super cute and photogenic. A second important point (and one that's actually relevant) is that you don't have to be formal, comment on your friend's academic abilities, or try to emulate a teacher or counselor. Instead, your letter can shed light on your friend's personality, character, and social skills. The best letters are specific and vivid. Rather than using generic praise or speaking in cliches, they are fortified with real examples and stories. Your writing should demonstrate that you know your friend well and are qualified to assess her. Above all, remember your mission: helping your friend get accepted to college (and probably a selective, competitive college like Dartmouth or Davidson). Convince the admissions officers of your friend's outstanding qualities, and show them why they need her at their school. What's Next? Is getting into an Ivy League school like spinning a roulette wheel for everyone, or do some students have much higher chances than others? Read this complete guide on How to Get Into Harvard by a Harvard alum, and learn how you can up the odds in your favor. Besides getting strong recommendations, you want to make sure every aspect of your application tells a powerful and unique story about who you are as a student and person. Learn more about how to build a versatile college application. Are you or your friend applying to Dartmouth? This article discusses how to get a great peer recommendation specifically for this competitive Ivy League school. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

English Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Paper - Essay Example Acts of obligation must be able to pass the categorical imperative in which you might also will that your maxim becomes a universal law. Liberal Individualism holds that "a democratic society must carve out a certain space within which the individual may pursue personal projects." Like Kantianism, this is a rule-based theory looking at either legal rights or moral rights. Under this theory, individual rights are held to be all-important but these often come into conflict with the individual rights of others forcing rights to be trumped based on the greater good. Communitarianism presupposes that fundamental principles in ethics stem from the values of common good, traditional practices and social aims. Decisions regarding good or bad acts are made based on whether the decision supports or undermines the communal values, regardless of what the individual feels. Tradition and common practice both play a role in this theory and often function in opposition to liberal individualism. Moral decisions are not always as easy to decide as the fairy tales make them seem. There is often no clear-cut difference between good and evil, the bad guy is not always the one wearing black. Many times, moral decisions are made based on which of the four main theories one feels most comfortable with. Although any of these theories could be applied to a situation such as the one found in Susan Glaspels short story "Trifles," the one that seems most appropriate to me is liberal individualism. The women discover the motive and nature of the crime that has been committed, but they keep it to themselves through a sense of moral justice based on individualistic principles. At the beginning of the play, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale arrive at the vacant home of Mr. and Mrs. Wright. Mr. Wright has been found strangled in his bed and Mrs. Wright sits at the jailhouse pending